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These charcoal kilns were built in the Panamint Mountains during the 1860s to provide charcoal for the silver smelter at Modoc in the Panamint Valley. In 1870, three hundred men cut juniper and pinyon pine and transported it to these kilns. The charcoal was then transported by mule train to the gold and silver smelters at the Modoc mines in the Argus Range west of Panamint Valley. These kilns are relics of the great mining era and may have been built with the help of Indian labor. This postcard is part of the Death Valley Best of the West Prints collection.